Dark Energy From Einstein Biggest Blunder to the Holographic Universe 2 Shan Gao
Download As PDF : Dark Energy From Einstein Biggest Blunder to the Holographic Universe 2 Shan Gao 
Understanding the mysterious nature and origin of dark energy is one of the most important quests in modern cosmology and fundamental physics. The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess for their significant discovery of cosmic acceleration due to dark energy. However, nobody knows what dark energy actually is.
This book gives a clear and concise introduction to the main dark energy models, including the cosmological constant, which Einstein called the biggest blunder of his lifetime. In particular, it analyzes in detail the possible holographic origin of dark energy. Based on a deep analysis of existing ideas, the book also proposes an intriguing conjecture on the origin of dark energy, according to which the dark energy originates from the quantum fluctuations of spacetime limited by the discretized event horizon of the universe. This book will be of value to all those with an interest in cosmology and fundamental physics.
Book Excerpt
The most recent results have already brought surprises the universe’s expansion is apparently accelerating rather than decelerating as expected due to gravity. These measurements indicate the presence of a new, exotic energy component that can cause acceleration. These are fundamental questions How is field theory manifest today in the form of dark energy? Will the acceleration continue without end in a new inflationary epoch or does the dark energy fade and gravity decelerate the expansion? --- Eric Linder and Saul Perlmutter, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Our best attempts at a fundamental theory suggest the presence of a cosmological constant that is many (perhaps as many as 120) orders of magnitude greater than the upper bound set by astronomical observations. Now that a dark energy has apparently been found, the problem is even harder. It is difficult for physicists to attack this problem without knowing just what it is that needs to be explained - a cosmological constant or a dark energy that changes with time as the universe evolves - and for this they must rely on new observations by astronomers. --- Steven Weinberg, University of Texas at Austin
The density of “empty” space, as measured by gravity, is many orders of magnitude smaller than our current understanding of fundamental physics seems to suggest. In my opinion, this disparity is the biggest and most profound gap in our current understanding of the physical world. It is not completely fanciful to imagine that this problem will play, in twenty-first century physics, a role analogous to that played by the problem of black-body radiation in twentieth century physics. It might require inventing entirely new ideas, and abandoning old ones we thought to be well-established. --- Frank Wilczek, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
One of the most perplexing issues in physics is why the energy of the vacuum is so incredibly small. Observations of an apparently nonzero vacuum energy have come as a great surprise. For the future development of fundamental physics, it is vitally important to know if the cosmological “constant,” as inferred from these observations, is truly constant, or if the observations point to some form of cosmic evolution (sometimes called “quintessence”). Precise exploration of these exciting questions is likely to have a major impact in physics as well as in astronomy. --- Edward Witten, Institute for Advanced Study
Established theories of particle physics make contributions to the cosmological vacuum energy that are many orders of magnitude greater than its possible value. No convincing mechanism for cancelling the vacuum energy has been formed in string theory. Clarifications of the magnitude of the vacuum energy and its equation of state are of crucial importance for fundamental physics, as well as for cosmology. --- John Ellis, CERN
Dark Energy From Einstein Biggest Blunder to the Holographic Universe 2 Shan Gao
Very nice essay that sorts out and arrays the essence of current thinking about the (empirically) evident character of the universe and dark energy. Shan Gao does a good job of clearly articulating with the right amount of technical detail for the general math-savvy reader (not too much and not too little -- unlike most Google-found resources of niche-physics information which either present too little or way too much technical detail for the interested non-specialist). The only complaint I have in the case of this "Dark Energy" Kindle edition is that the math equations are displayed as very small, light (thin) "print" relative to the English text and they do not magnify when text display is magnified, making reading those equations on a Kindle just about impossible (I can only read them with my tired eyes using the Kindle reader on my PC and 21" monitor and even then I use a 4" magnifying glass on the in-text equations to make sure I am seeing the symbols correctly). Still, I think "Dark Energy" is well worth the time to read and the price (I have found this time/price value in all of Gao's essays/mini-books that I have read -- seven so far -- all are clear, informative and thought-provoking); this (affordable value) is what I like most about Kindles generally (vs. printed media, so much AFFORDABLE good material in Kindle format that in printed form is for many not affordable) and about Gao's writings published in Kindle format in particular. Gao capitalizes on Kindle format value to the access benefit of we consumers of what I call "niche-physics" information, and I (for one) find Gao's expositions to present well-focused thought-provoking clarity that is more readable by science- and math-savvy non-specialists than those of most writers of leading-edge physics.Product details
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Tags : Dark Energy: From Einstein's Biggest Blunder to the Holographic Universe - Kindle edition by Shan Gao. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Dark Energy: From Einstein's Biggest Blunder to the Holographic Universe.,ebook,Shan Gao,Dark Energy: From Einstein’s Biggest Blunder to the Holographic Universe,Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing,SCIENCE Cosmology,SCIENCE Gravity
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Dark Energy From Einstein Biggest Blunder to the Holographic Universe 2 Shan Gao Reviews
Fascinating
Left field. Explanation starts off on thermal energy.
This book gives a review of some of the current thoughts about dark energy source. He also presents some new ideas.
Very enjoyable layman's read, perfect for summer.
It was very interesting but the book is way to short.
Don't buy this book. The equations are blacked out making this book useless. I should get my money back. There seems to be no paper back or hardback version available
Although I usually don't like too many equations, the app blacked them out. I had no intention of verifying the information. I am a retired engineer, not a physicist; I read the book out of curiosity.
The book followed a logical path; introducing possible solutions to the problem, and explained why they were insufficient. Fortunately, the text explained the conclusions drawn from the equations, and I was able to follow along. The book satisfied my curiosity, and the conclusions drawn about a Holographic Universe were reasonable.
Very nice essay that sorts out and arrays the essence of current thinking about the (empirically) evident character of the universe and dark energy. Shan Gao does a good job of clearly articulating with the right amount of technical detail for the general math-savvy reader (not too much and not too little -- unlike most Google-found resources of niche-physics information which either present too little or way too much technical detail for the interested non-specialist). The only complaint I have in the case of this "Dark Energy" edition is that the math equations are displayed as very small, light (thin) "print" relative to the English text and they do not magnify when text display is magnified, making reading those equations on a just about impossible (I can only read them with my tired eyes using the reader on my PC and 21" monitor and even then I use a 4" magnifying glass on the in-text equations to make sure I am seeing the symbols correctly). Still, I think "Dark Energy" is well worth the time to read and the price (I have found this time/price value in all of Gao's essays/mini-books that I have read -- seven so far -- all are clear, informative and thought-provoking); this (affordable value) is what I like most about s generally (vs. printed media, so much AFFORDABLE good material in format that in printed form is for many not affordable) and about Gao's writings published in format in particular. Gao capitalizes on format value to the access benefit of we consumers of what I call "niche-physics" information, and I (for one) find Gao's expositions to present well-focused thought-provoking clarity that is more readable by science- and math-savvy non-specialists than those of most writers of leading-edge physics.
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